Fatigue, palpitations and shortness of breath

Breathlessness may come from narrowed airways, infection, reduced oxygen-carrying capacity or strain on the heart. Anaemia can present with tiredness, palpitations and breathlessness during activity. Asthma may cause episodes of chest tightness, wheeze and shortness of breath, while acute bronchitis may add cough and mucus. COPD and bronchiectasis can cause persistent breathlessness with cough and reduced stamina.

Angina can present as chest discomfort or pressure with breathlessness during exertion. Atrial fibrillation can present with an irregular heartbeat, tiredness and breathlessness. Anaphylaxis can cause sudden breathing difficulty with swelling, hives or throat tightness. Symptoms alone cannot identify the cause.

Stop and rest when symptoms begin, sit upright, and note the activity, duration and associated signs. Use a prescribed reliever inhaler exactly as directed if asthma is part of your care plan. Avoid smoke and strenuous exertion while symptoms are unexplained. Arrange prompt medical assessment for new or recurring episodes; the clinician may examine your heart and lungs, check blood count and oxygen level, and arrange an electrocardiogram or other tests.

Call emergency services for severe or rapidly worsening breathlessness, chest pain or pressure, fainting, blue lips, confusion, inability to speak comfortably, or swelling of the face, tongue or throat. Seek urgent assessment for breathlessness at rest, coughing blood, a new irregular heartbeat with weakness, or symptoms that begin suddenly.

Ask whether your symptoms fit an airway, blood, heart or infection-related problem. Mention wheeze, cough, fever, chest discomfort, ankle swelling, bleeding, allergies, smoking, recent travel and every medicine or supplement you use.