Falls prevention exercise program: what to know

A physiotherapist may assess how you stand, turn, step over obstacles and rise from a chair. Exercises are then adjusted to your current ability. They may include supported standing, heel raises, repeated sit-to-stands, stepping in different directions and gentle walking drills. The aim is to improve control when your centre of gravity shifts, not simply to make you exercise harder. A programme can also address weakness linked with sarcopenia and review footwear, walking aids or home hazards.

Use a stable support such as a kitchen counter when an exercise requires standing, and keep the floor clear. Follow the prescribed repetitions and pace; fatigue can make balance less reliable. Wear secure, well-fitting shoes and keep your walking aid nearby if one has been recommended. Record dizziness, pain or near-falls so the therapist can modify the plan. Progress may involve less hand support, more challenging steps or practice on different surfaces, but only when control is steady.

Stop an exercise and seek prompt medical advice after a fall that causes severe pain, a visible deformity, inability to bear weight, a head injury or new confusion. Contact a clinician urgently for fainting, chest pain, sudden weakness or trouble speaking. During routine training, report persistent joint swelling, worsening pain or repeated loss of balance before continuing the same exercise.

Which exercises match my balance and walking ability? Should I use a rail, chair or walking aid? Could medicines, vision changes or dizziness be increasing my risk? What signs mean the programme needs changing?