What should you know about experiencing pain during sex?

Pain at the entrance can be linked with dryness, irritation, skin conditions, pelvic-floor muscle spasm, or vulvodynia. Deeper pain may occur with endometriosis, an ovarian endometrioma, pelvic inflammatory disease, or other pelvic causes. Hormonal changes around menopause can make vaginal tissues drier and more sensitive, as seen with genitourinary syndrome of menopause.

Tell the clinician whether the pain is burning, tearing, cramping, or pressure; whether it begins on entry or with deeper movement; and whether bleeding, discharge, itching, urinary symptoms, or period pain occur too.

Pause penetration when it hurts and choose forms of intimacy that remain comfortable. A plain lubricant can reduce friction, while scented washes and douches may irritate sensitive skin. Arrange an appointment if pain is persistent, recurrent, or affecting your relationship. Depending on the findings, care may include treating infection or inflammation, addressing dryness, pelvic-floor physiotherapy, or specialist assessment.

Get urgent medical help for severe or sudden pelvic pain, heavy bleeding, faintness, fever, vomiting, a rigid abdomen, or pain when pregnancy is possible. Contact a clinician soon for new discharge with an unpleasant smell, sores, bleeding after sex, or worsening pain.

Ask what the location and timing suggest, whether you need an examination or tests, which products are safe for the vulva, and whether pelvic-floor therapy or specialist referral is appropriate.