What should you know about etiology of mastitis?

Milk that is not draining well can build pressure and trigger inflammation. A missed or shortened feed, a sudden change in feeding pattern, tight pressure on the breast, or an oversupply can contribute. A shallow latch may leave the breast less effectively emptied and can also make the nipple sore.

Inflammation does not always mean there is a bacterial infection. Cracked nipples, skin irritation, or an opening around the nipple can allow bacteria to enter, making infection more likely. Symptoms may include a tender, warm area, swelling, redness, and feeling unwell.

Continue gentle, comfortable milk removal if you are breastfeeding, and avoid forceful massage or squeezing the breast. Rest, drink to thirst, and use cool packs for swelling. Check whether the baby is attaching comfortably; a lactation consultation can help identify positioning or latch problems. A clinician can assess whether medication is needed when symptoms suggest infection or do not settle.

Seek prompt medical advice for fever, chills, rapidly worsening redness, severe pain, pus, or feeling markedly unwell. Arrange assessment if a firm area remains, symptoms are not improving, or mastitis keeps returning. Urgent help is appropriate if you feel faint, confused, or unable to keep fluids down.

Ask what may be affecting milk drainage, whether the nipple or breast skin shows infection, how to continue feeding safely, and what follow-up is needed if the area remains firm.