Epileptic seizure in dogs: what to know

A dog may fall, stiffen, paddle its legs, jerk, drool, chew, urinate, or appear unaware. Some episodes are subtler, with staring, lip licking, sudden fear, or repetitive movements. Afterward, a dog may be sleepy, unsettled, hungry, temporarily blind, or unsteady. Causes include epilepsy, toxins, low blood glucose, liver or kidney disease, head injury, infection, or a brain problem. A seizure does not identify the cause on its own.

A veterinarian may use the episode history, examination, and tests to decide whether treatment or monitoring is appropriate.

Keep hands away from the dog’s mouth, move furniture and other hazards, dim bright lights, and prevent falls from stairs or furniture. Do not restrain the dog, place objects in its mouth, or give food, water, or medicine during the event. Time the episode and record a video from a safe distance if possible. Keep the dog quiet and supervised while it recovers.

Contact an emergency veterinarian if the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, repeats without recovery, follows possible poisoning or injury, affects breathing, or the dog does not begin to recover. A first seizure, a cluster of episodes, marked weakness, severe vomiting, or persistent confusion also warrants prompt veterinary advice. Do not give human medicines unless a veterinarian specifically directs you.

Ask what details to record, whether blood tests or imaging are needed, how to handle another seizure, and whether medicine is indicated. Share the dog’s age, current medicines, recent illness, possible toxin exposure, diet changes, and video or timing notes.