What should you know about el melasma?

Melasma is a common pigment condition that causes brown or grey-brown patches, often on the face and worsened by light exposure. It may affect the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, nose or jawline. The colour can return after improvement, so long-term protection and a tailored plan matter.

Melasma usually appears as fairly flat, uneven areas of increased colour rather than a raised growth. Hormonal changes, family tendency, visible light and ultraviolet exposure can contribute. A clinician may examine the pattern and ask about pregnancy, contraception, medicines and skincare. Dark patches on skin or uneven skin tone can have other causes, so a new or changing mark should not be self-labelled as melasma.

Irritating products, aggressive procedures or picking can make pigmentation more noticeable. Sun-damaged skin may also add uneven colour, which can overlap with the appearance of melasma.

Use broad-spectrum sun protection as directed, seek shade and consider a hat or other physical protection. Choose gentle, fragrance-free skincare if your skin is reactive, and stop products that burn or cause persistent redness. A dermatologist may discuss prescription lightening treatment or procedures such as chemical peel, microneedling, skin brightening treatment or laser toning. The safest option depends on your skin tone, depth of pigment, triggers and previous reactions.

Arrange a clinical review if pigmentation appears suddenly, changes quickly, bleeds, crusts, becomes painful, forms a distinct irregular spot or does not match the usual symmetrical pattern of melasma. Seek care sooner if treatment causes blistering, marked swelling, severe burning or spreading irritation. These features need assessment rather than stronger home lightening products.

Ask whether the pattern fits melasma, what may be triggering it, which ingredients are suitable for your skin, how long to test a plan, and how to reduce the chance of pigment returning after a procedure.