What should you know about the effect of G6PD deficiency?

G6PD helps red blood cells handle oxidative stress. When the enzyme level is low, a trigger can damage those cells faster than the body replaces them. This process is called haemolysis. Some people have no symptoms between episodes, while others need extra care during infection or when a new medicine is prescribed.

A haemolytic episode may cause tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath, yellowing of the eyes, dark urine, or pale skin. A newborn with G6PD deficiency can develop jaundice and needs prompt assessment. Symptoms alone cannot confirm the condition, because similar changes occur with other blood disorders.

Tell every doctor, dentist, pharmacist, and hospital team that you have G6PD deficiency before taking a new medicine. Keep an up-to-date list of medicines and ask whether an infection or product could trigger red blood cell breakdown. Do not stop an essential prescription without medical advice.

If you have a suspected episode, arrange prompt medical assessment. A blood test can help check for anaemia and evidence of haemolysis, but the timing of testing matters. Family members may wish to discuss testing, particularly before certain medicines are needed.

Seek urgent care for sudden dark urine, marked paleness, yellow skin or eyes, severe weakness, dizziness, fainting, chest discomfort, or difficulty breathing. These symptoms can mean that red blood cells are being destroyed quickly and oxygen delivery is being affected.

Get immediate help for a baby with worsening yellow skin or eyes, poor feeding, unusual sleepiness, or difficulty waking. Take the suspected trigger, medicine packaging, and your health information if you have them.

Ask which medicines, foods, and household products you should avoid, how to recognise haemolysis, whether you need a blood test now, and whether relatives or a newborn should be tested.