Early signs of dementia

A person may repeat questions, lose track of conversations, misplace important items, struggle with familiar routes, or find planning and handling money harder than before. They may use unusual words, withdraw from activities, or need more help with cooking and appointments. Dementia is a medical condition, but similar difficulties can arise from depression, poor sleep, medication effects, hearing problems or other illness. The pattern over time and its effect on daily life matter more than one forgotten name. Memory Problems are worth discussing when they persist or progress.

Keep a brief record of examples, including when they began and which tasks changed. Bring a trusted relative or friend if the person agrees; another observer may describe changes the person has not noticed. A GP Consultation can review medicines, physical health, mood, sleep and cognition. A Mental Health Assessment may help when low mood, anxiety or behaviour changes are prominent. Support routines, labelled storage, calendars and well-lit surroundings while assessment is arranged.

Book an assessment if cognitive changes are affecting safety, work, medicines, finances or personal care. Seek urgent help for sudden confusion, new weakness, trouble speaking, severe headache, collapse or a rapid change after illness or injury; these can signal an acute problem rather than gradual dementia. New Urinary Incontinence together with confusion, fever or weakness also needs prompt medical attention.

Ask which causes should be checked, whether a medication or sleep problem could contribute, what support is available, and how family members can help with safety and future planning.