What should you know about ear wax and water removal?

Water may remain behind wax or sit in the canal after bathing or swimming. Wax can also become compacted and narrow the passage, causing muffled hearing, pressure or ringing. A blocked sensation is not proof that water is trapped; looking into the canal helps distinguish wax from irritation, infection or another cause. Earwax normally protects the canal, so removal is considered when it is causing symptoms or preventing an examination.

Tilt the affected ear downward and gently dry the outer ear. Do not use cotton buds, hairpins, ear candles or forceful home devices. Avoid adding drops if you have ear tubes, a known eardrum hole, ear surgery or discharge unless a clinician advises it. If wax is suspected, a clinician can inspect the ear and may recommend softening treatment or controlled removal, including microsuction.

Seek assessment for earache, persistent hearing loss, ringing that continues, discharge, fever, significant dizziness or symptoms after swimming that do not settle. Prompt review is sensible when hearing changes suddenly, pain is severe, or the ear has been injured. A clinician should check the canal before removal when the diagnosis is uncertain.

Ask whether the blockage is wax, water, swelling or infection; whether drops are suitable for your eardrum; which removal method is appropriate; and what symptoms should bring you back.