What should you know about dual X-ray absorptiometry?

During a DEXA scan, a low-dose X-ray system measures bone mineral density, commonly at the hip and lower spine. The report compares the result with reference ranges and is interpreted alongside age, sex, medical history, medicines and previous fractures. A lower measurement can indicate weaker bones, but the scan does not explain every cause of bone pain and does not predict an individual event with certainty. Hormone-related conditions, including premature ovarian insufficiency, may influence when bone-health assessment is considered.

Tell the imaging team if you may be pregnant, recently had a contrast examination or take calcium supplements. Follow the centre’s instructions about supplements and clothing. You usually lie still on a scanning table while the arm of the [DEXA Scanner](/technology/dexa-scanner/) passes over the body; the process is non-invasive and you may return to normal activities afterwards. Keep earlier reports available so your clinician can compare measurements over time. Learn more about a [Bone Density Scan](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/bone-density-scan/).

A DEXA scan is not an emergency test. Seek urgent help after a fall if you have severe pain, cannot bear weight, notice a deformity or develop numbness or weakness. Arrange clinical review for repeated falls, height loss, a new fracture after a minor injury or long-term medicine use that may affect bone strength. The result should lead to a personalised discussion about exercise, nutrition, fall prevention and treatment options.

Ask which bones will be scanned, why the test is recommended, how the report is graded, whether your medicines affect bone health, and when a repeat assessment might be useful.