What should you know about diphtheria membrane?

The coating may look grey, white, or dirty and can cling to the tonsils, throat, or nearby surfaces. It forms when toxin-related tissue injury produces a thick layer over the lining. Pulling or scraping it can cause bleeding and may worsen airway problems. A membrane is not enough to confirm the diagnosis on its own, because other throat conditions can produce coatings; a clinician must assess the person and arrange appropriate tests or treatment.

Diphtheria may also cause a sore throat, fever, hoarse voice, swollen neck, or unusual tiredness. Read more about [Sore Throat] while arranging care.

Seek same-day medical assessment and mention the membrane before entering a clinic, because staff may need infection-control precautions. Keep the person away from close contact until a clinician gives advice, and avoid sharing food, drinks, towels, or toothbrushes. Do not use leftover medicines or attempt home removal. Confirmed or strongly suspected diphtheria may require antitoxin, [Antibiotic Treatment], monitoring, and assessment of close contacts.

Call emergency services for noisy or difficult breathing, inability to swallow saliva, drooling, rapidly increasing neck swelling, faintness, or blue-grey lips. Urgent help is also needed if the person becomes confused or extremely weak. Keep them sitting upright and do not force food, drink, or tablets while waiting for help. Vaccination remains the key prevention measure; review [Childhood Immunisation] with a clinician.

Ask what may have caused the coating, whether throat testing is needed, how airway risk will be watched, and whether household or school contacts need preventive care. Ask when it is safe to return to normal contact and how to update diphtheria vaccination.