Depression and panic attack symptoms: what to know

Depression may involve persistent low mood, reduced interest, low energy, guilt, or changes in sleep and appetite. Panic attacks can bring a sudden wave of fear with a racing heart, trembling, sweating, breathlessness, dizziness, or a feeling of losing control. A person can experience panic during depression, while ongoing anxiety can also make sleep, energy and concentration worse.

A panic episode is not proof that someone has depression. Similarly, feeling low after a frightening episode does not establish a diagnosis. A clinician considers the pattern, duration, triggers, physical health, medicines and substance use. Insomnia and daytime sleepiness can add to emotional strain.

Write down when the episodes occur, what you feel in your body, how long they last, and whether low mood or loss of interest continues between episodes. Arrange an appointment with a primary-care clinician or mental-health professional, especially if symptoms interfere with work, relationships or routine.

During a panic episode, move to a safe place, loosen restrictive clothing, breathe slowly and evenly, and remind yourself that the intense sensations can pass. Reduce alcohol and recreational drugs, keep a regular sleep routine, and use support from someone you trust. Do not stop prescribed medicine without medical guidance.

Seek emergency help for severe chest pain, fainting, serious breathing difficulty, new confusion, or symptoms that could signal a physical emergency. Seek immediate mental-health help if you might harm yourself, cannot stay safe, or have thoughts of suicide. Tell a trusted person and contact local emergency services. A new or unusually severe panic-like episode also deserves prompt medical assessment.

Could my symptoms reflect depression, panic, another anxiety problem, a medicine effect, or a physical condition? What treatment options fit my symptoms? How should I respond if an episode returns? What warning signs mean I should seek urgent help?