Depression in older adults: signs and support

An older person may report low mood, loss of interest, irritability, poor appetite, fatigue or difficulty sleeping. They may stop social activities, struggle with concentration or appear more forgetful. Daytime sleepiness and reduced activity can follow disrupted sleep. Pain, bereavement, loneliness, medication effects and medical illness may overlap with depression, so a clinician needs the full history and medication list. Depression can affect independence, but it is treatable at any age.

Book a primary-care appointment and take a list of medicines, recent health changes and examples of altered behaviour. If the person agrees, a family member can help describe changes and remember advice. Support may include talking therapy, medicine, treatment of contributing health problems and practical social support. Encourage regular meals, gentle movement, daylight and safe contact with others without pressuring the person to do everything at once.

Seek prompt medical care for new withdrawal, persistent low mood, confusion, inability to manage basic needs or a marked change in sleep and energy. Get emergency help if the person talks about suicide or self-harm, has a plan, cannot stay safe, or seems detached from reality. Contact local emergency services or the nearest emergency department and remain with them while help is arranged.

Could a medicine, pain problem or other illness be contributing? How will memory and mood be assessed together? Which treatments suit current health conditions? What changes should prompt an urgent call?