Why dark spots appear

Sun exposure can deepen existing pigment and contribute to sun spots on exposed areas. Melasma often causes brown or grey patches in a pattern influenced by light and hormonal signals. After acne, eczema, a bite, burn, or cosmetic irritation settles, the skin may keep extra pigment; this is post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Some darker areas have surface scale, itch, or a different texture. A clinician may consider tinea versicolor or another diagnosis when those features are present. Location, symmetry, speed of change, texture, and recent products are more useful than colour alone when working out the reason.

Protect exposed skin from daylight, use a mild cleanser, moisturise regularly, and stop products that burn or cause persistent redness. Do not scratch, squeeze, or use unlabelled lightening creams. Record the onset and any preceding rash, injury, hair removal, medicine, or new cosmetic product.

A clinician can examine the pattern and decide whether treatment should focus on the underlying inflammation, infection, or pigment. Possible cosmetic approaches include a chemical peel, skin brightening treatment, or picosecond laser treatment, but the cause should be clarified first.

Book an assessment when spots persist without an obvious trigger, spread, recur, or come with itch, scale, pain, or inflammation. Seek prompt care for a single mark that changes rapidly, develops an irregular border, bleeds, or becomes persistently tender. A medication-related or widespread change also deserves review.

Ask what pattern or trigger is most likely, whether an examination or test is needed, how to protect the area while it settles, and which treatment will avoid aggravating your skin.