Coughing up bloody mucus

A few red streaks can appear when repeated coughing irritates small blood vessels in the throat or airways. Infection, including acute bronchitis, can make mucus blood-stained. Bronchiectasis may cause recurrent mucus and bleeding, while asthma, acid reflux, or nasal drainage may keep a cough going. Blood that is increasing, clotted, dark, or mixed throughout the mucus is more concerning. These patterns guide assessment but cannot establish a diagnosis on their own.

Rest and remain upright. Keep track of the colour, approximate amount, number of episodes, and associated symptoms. Avoid smoking and strenuous exertion. Bring a list of medicines, including any that affect clotting, to the appointment. Do not stop prescribed treatment or start leftover antibiotics based only on the appearance of mucus. Arrange prompt review, even when the mucus returns to its usual colour.

Use emergency services for ongoing or large-volume bleeding, shortness of breath, blue or grey lips, faintness, confusion, or severe chest pain. Seek same-day assessment if bloody mucus keeps returning, follows a chest injury, or occurs with fever and worsening breathing. If you have known lung disease, lower your threshold for contacting a clinician.

Ask whether the blood is likely from the nose, throat, or lower airways, and what examination is needed. Mention recent colds, persistent cough, smoking or vaping, chest symptoms, nosebleeds, and all medicines. Ask which changes should trigger emergency help.