What should you know about cortisol and panic attacks?

During fear or alarm, the body releases stress hormones, including cortisol and adrenaline. This can increase alertness, heart rate, breathing, sweating, shaking, and muscle tension. A panic attack can bring intense fear and physical symptoms that build quickly, even when no immediate danger is present.

Chest tightness, palpitations, dizziness, and tingling can also occur with heart, lung, medication, or metabolic problems. A cortisol test is not a general test for panic. Diagnosis depends on the episode pattern, triggers, medical history, and an examination when needed.

During a suspected panic episode, move to a safe place, loosen tight clothing, breathe slowly without forcing deep breaths, and name the sensations as they pass. Reduce caffeine and avoid recreational drugs, which can intensify palpitations or anxious feelings.

Arrange a GP review if attacks recur, lead you to avoid places, disturb sleep, or leave you worried about another episode. A mental health assessment can identify treatment options such as talking therapy and practical coping skills.

Call emergency services for new or severe chest pressure, trouble breathing, fainting, sudden weakness, or symptoms that feel different from previous episodes. Do not assume these signs are panic, particularly if you have heart or lung risk factors.

Seek prompt medical advice for thoughts of self-harm, inability to stay safe, or panic that is preventing eating, drinking, sleeping, or daily activities.

Ask whether your symptoms need physical checks, whether a cortisol test would add useful information, how to recognise emergency symptoms, and which psychological or medical treatments fit your history.