Common cold and shortness of breath

A blocked nose can make breathing feel uncomfortable, but true breathlessness usually involves the chest, breathing effort, or difficulty speaking normally. A cold may occur alongside acute bronchitis, asthma, or another chest problem. Breathlessness can also occur with anaemia, heart conditions such as angina or atrial fibrillation, or a serious allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis. These possibilities cannot be sorted out safely from symptoms alone.

Stop strenuous activity and sit upright. Loosen tight clothing and try slow, gentle breaths. If you have a prescribed reliever inhaler, use it according to your personal instructions. Arrange prompt medical advice for new breathlessness, breathing that is getting worse, wheezing, chest discomfort, fever, or a cough that is becoming more severe. Do not use someone else’s inhaler or start leftover antibiotics.

Seek emergency help immediately if you are struggling to breathe, cannot speak in full sentences, develop blue or grey lips, feel faint or confused, or have sudden chest pressure. Emergency assessment is also needed after a possible allergic exposure if breathing difficulty is accompanied by swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat. If symptoms are milder but persistent, contact a clinician promptly.

Ask what may be causing the breathlessness, whether your oxygen level and chest need checking, and whether your current cold medicines are suitable. Mention asthma, smoking, heart or lung conditions, allergies, new medicines, and when the breathing change began.