Clinical manifestations of hypertension

High blood pressure can place ongoing strain on blood vessels and organs without producing a sensation you can reliably recognise. A reading is therefore more useful than symptoms alone. Headache, dizziness or nosebleeds can have many explanations and do not confirm hypertension. Over time, uncontrolled hypertension can damage the heart, brain, kidneys and blood vessels. It may contribute to conditions such as Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, Stroke, Angina or Transient Ischaemic Attack. Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea can also be relevant health factors to discuss during an assessment.

Arrange a clinical review if repeated blood-pressure readings are raised, even when you feel well. Bring home readings, the times they were taken, and a list of medicines, supplements and stimulants. A clinician may repeat measurements, check both arms, examine you and request blood or urine tests to look for effects on the kidneys and other organs. Take prescribed treatment as directed and do not stop it because a reading improves. Practical measures may include reducing salt, being physically active within your abilities, moderating alcohol, avoiding tobacco and addressing sleep problems.

Seek emergency help for a sudden severe headache with confusion, weakness, trouble speaking or vision loss; chest pain, severe breathlessness, fainting or new neurological symptoms also need immediate assessment. Do not wait for a home reading to settle these symptoms. If a very high reading is accompanied by new symptoms, repeat it once while seated if this does not delay help, and contact emergency services.

Ask which readings should prompt a same-day call, whether you need checks for kidney or heart effects, how often to monitor at home, and whether another condition or medicine could be affecting your blood pressure.