Clinical features of tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils at the back of the throat. The tonsils may look red and enlarged, with white patches or pus in some cases. Swallowing can hurt, and the pain may be felt in the ears because nearby nerves share pathways. Bad breath, a muffled voice, headache and reduced appetite can occur. Viral illnesses are common causes, while strep throat is a bacterial possibility that may need specific assessment.

Rest, drink fluids in small frequent amounts, and choose soft foods if swallowing is uncomfortable. Follow label directions for any suitable pain or fever medicine and check before giving medicines to a child. A GP consultation can help decide whether an examination or throat test is useful. Antibiotic treatment is appropriate only when a clinician identifies a reason for it; antibiotics do not treat viral tonsillitis.

Seek urgent help for difficulty breathing, drooling because swallowing is not possible, severe one-sided throat pain, a voice change with increasing swelling, or inability to drink. Arrange prompt assessment for dehydration, a persistent high fever, worsening symptoms, or repeated episodes. A child who is unusually sleepy or struggling to swallow needs immediate attention.

Ask whether the tonsils look more consistent with a viral illness or strep throat, whether testing is needed, how to control pain, and what signs could indicate an abscess. Confirm when it is safe to return to school or work.