Clinical features of conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the thin surface covering the white of the eye and inner eyelids. One or both eyes may be affected. A [Red Eye](/symptoms/red-eye/) can look pink or intensely red, while [Eye Discharge](/symptoms/eye-discharge/) may make the lashes stick together, especially after sleep. Viral illness, bacteria, allergy, or irritation can produce overlapping signs, so appearance alone does not always identify the cause. Itching is more suggestive of allergy; a watery eye can occur with viral infection or irritation. [Light Sensitivity](/symptoms/light-sensitivity/) deserves attention when it is marked or accompanied by pain or blurred vision.

Wash your hands before and after touching the eye, avoid rubbing, and gently clean discharge with clean water and a fresh cotton pad for each eye. Do not share towels, pillows, eye cosmetics, or contact lenses. Pause contact-lens use until symptoms have settled and a clinician has advised restarting. A [GP Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/gp-consultation/) can distinguish conjunctivitis from other causes of a red eye. [Antibiotic Treatment](/treatments/medical-management/antibiotic-treatment/) is useful only when a clinician considers bacterial infection likely; antibiotics do not treat viral or allergic causes.

Arrange prompt medical assessment for significant eye pain, reduced or blurred vision, strong light sensitivity, injury, chemical exposure, or marked swelling. Contact-lens wearers should seek advice promptly because corneal infections can need urgent treatment. Seek care if symptoms are worsening, do not begin to improve, or keep returning. Urgent help is appropriate when severe pain or vision change develops.

Ask which cause is most consistent with the pattern, whether both eyes are involved, how long you should avoid contact lenses, and which symptoms would need same-day review. You can also ask whether household contacts need hygiene precautions.