Causes of stomach swelling and pain

Gas, constipation, or a large meal can stretch the abdomen and cause cramping. Food poisoning and gastroenteritis often cause pain with diarrhoea, vomiting, fever, or nausea. Gastritis and acid reflux can cause upper abdominal discomfort, burning, belching, or nausea. Coeliac disease may cause symptoms after gluten exposure and can be associated with diarrhoea or weight change.

Diverticular disease can cause lower abdominal symptoms, while Crohn's disease may cause recurring pain, diarrhoea, fatigue, or weight loss. Gallstones may cause intense pain in the upper right abdomen, particularly after eating, and can be associated with nausea. The location, timing, bowel changes, fever, and relation to meals help a clinician narrow the possibilities.

Rest, take small sips of fluid, and choose light foods if nausea is present. Note where the pain is, when swelling began, bowel and urinary changes, recent meals, and any medicines. Avoid alcohol and foods that clearly worsen symptoms while you arrange advice. Do not take leftover antibiotics or repeatedly use pain medicines without checking suitability.

Seek urgent care for severe or worsening pain, a hard or very tender abdomen, repeated vomiting, blood in vomit or stool, black stool, fainting, yellowing of the skin, or inability to pass stool and gas. Prompt assessment is also needed with persistent swelling, fever, or unexplained weight loss.

Which features of my pain suggest gas, infection, inflammation, or an organ problem? Do I need an examination or tests? What fluids and foods are suitable now? Which changes should make me seek urgent care?