Causes of high diastolic blood pressure

Diastolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats. One raised reading does not establish a diagnosis because stress, caffeine, recent exercise, pain, a full bladder, or an incorrect cuff size can temporarily alter it. Repeated high readings may reflect increased resistance in smaller arteries. Obesity, kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, diabetes, and some medicines can contribute. A clinician may review family history, medicines, sleep, alcohol, salt intake, and home readings. Untreated hypertension can strain blood vessels and organs and is linked with heart failure, stroke, and transient ischaemic attack.

Use a validated upper-arm monitor if home checks are advised. Rest quietly, support your arm, and record readings at the times your clinician recommends. Bring the monitor and record to an appointment if possible. Reduce excess salt, stay active within your ability, avoid tobacco, and take prescribed treatment as directed. Your clinician may check kidney function, review medicines, and assess for sleep apnoea or other contributors. Do not change blood-pressure tablets based on a single reading.

Seek emergency care for chest pain, severe breathlessness, fainting, new confusion, sudden weakness, facial drooping, or trouble speaking. These symptoms may indicate a serious cardiovascular or neurological problem. Contact your healthcare team promptly if readings remain high or you develop new headaches, vision changes, or swelling.

Could my technique or monitor affect the result? Should I check at home, and when? Could kidney disease, sleep apnoea, another condition, or a medicine be contributing? What target and follow-up plan are appropriate for me?