What causes sunburn?

Ultraviolet radiation reaches the skin and damages cells. The body responds with inflammation, producing warmth, tenderness, and Skin Redness. A burn can occur after direct sun or reflected light from sand, water, or other bright surfaces, and cool weather does not prevent exposure.

The injured outer layer may later shed, causing Peeling Skin. More intense injury can produce fluid-filled Skin Blisters. Repeated sunburn contributes to Sun-Damaged Skin over time, including uneven texture and visible pigment changes.

Get out of direct sun, cool the skin with a clean damp cloth or a cool bath, and drink fluids. Apply a bland moisturiser or Emollient Therapy while the skin is still slightly damp. Do not break blisters or peel loose skin; cover tender areas with soft clothing and keep them protected from further sunlight.

A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether a topical medicine is suitable for marked inflammation. Do not apply irritating products to broken or blistered skin.

Seek prompt medical care for extensive blistering, severe swelling, intense pain, fever, chills, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, or signs of dehydration. Get urgent help if a sunburn affects the eyes, causes vision changes, or involves a young child. Contact a clinician if broken blisters become increasingly red, warm, swollen, or filled with pus.

How extensive does this burn appear? How should I protect or dress any blisters? Which moisturiser is appropriate for my skin? What symptoms would mean I need urgent care, and when can I safely return to outdoor activities?