What causes mumps and how is it treated?

Mumps commonly causes tender swelling of the salivary glands near the cheeks or jaw, with fever, headache, tiredness and reduced appetite. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets and saliva. Some people have mild symptoms, while others can develop complications involving the testicles, ovaries, pancreas or the tissues around the brain. Swollen glands can have other causes, so a clinician may need to assess the pattern and exposure history.

Rest, drink fluids and choose soft foods if chewing is uncomfortable. Paracetamol or another suitable pain reliever may help when used according to medical advice and the product instructions. Avoid sharing cups or utensils, wash hands and follow local advice about staying away from school, work or close contact while contagious. A GP consultation can confirm the next step. MMR vaccination helps prevent mumps and is part of routine preventive care.

Contact a clinician if you develop fever with swollen glands, have been exposed to mumps, or are unsure whether you are vaccinated. Seek urgent help for severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, repeated vomiting, severe abdominal pain, testicular pain or swelling, or difficulty breathing. Do not attend a clinic unannounced if mumps is possible; call first so infection-control arrangements can be made.

Ask whether your symptoms fit mumps, how long to avoid close contact, and which pain-relief options are suitable. Check your vaccination record and ask whether household contacts need advice about MMR vaccination or monitoring for symptoms.