What can cause missing periods?

A period follows a coordinated signal between the brain, ovaries and womb. Pregnancy pauses that cycle. Significant emotional strain, under-fuelling, weight change, intensive exercise or illness can alter the brain's hormone signals and delay ovulation. Hormonal contraception may make bleeding lighter or stop it.

Polycystic ovary syndrome can cause infrequent ovulation, often alongside acne or increased facial or body hair. Thyroid problems, raised prolactin and reduced ovarian function are other possibilities. During perimenopause, ovulation becomes less predictable before periods eventually cease.

Take a home pregnancy test if pregnancy is possible, following the kit instructions and repeating it or seeking clinical testing if the result does not fit your circumstances. Record bleeding dates, pelvic symptoms, weight changes, exercise, stress and medicines, including contraception and supplements.

Book a routine appointment when periods repeatedly go missing, when they have not started by the expected stage of puberty, or when the change concerns you. A clinician may discuss pregnancy testing, hormone tests and other checks according to your history rather than ordering every test automatically.

Get urgent help if a missed period occurs with a positive pregnancy test and severe one-sided pain, shoulder-tip pain, fainting, heavy bleeding or marked dizziness, because an ectopic pregnancy must be excluded. Prompt assessment is also warranted for severe headache with vision change, sudden weakness, or rapidly worsening pelvic pain.

Tell the clinician when your last period started, what your cycles are normally like, whether pregnancy is possible, and what contraception or medicines you use. Ask which causes fit your other symptoms, whether testing is needed and how to protect bone and reproductive health if periods remain absent.