Can hypertension cause chronic kidney disease?

Long-standing hypertension can damage kidney blood vessels and contribute to chronic kidney disease. Kidney disease can also raise blood pressure, so the relationship may work in both directions.

The kidneys filter waste and help regulate fluid and blood pressure. High pressure over time can injure the delicate vessels and filtering units inside them. Reduced kidney function may develop gradually, often without obvious symptoms. Later signs can include swelling, changes in urination, tiredness, itching, nausea or reduced appetite, although these symptoms have other possible causes. Blood and urine tests can detect changes earlier than symptoms alone.

If you have hypertension, attend monitoring appointments and take treatment as prescribed. Ask about kidney blood tests and urine checks, especially if readings remain high or you have diabetes or a family history of kidney disease. Limit excess salt, avoid smoking, stay active within your ability, and check before using frequent anti-inflammatory pain medicines or supplements. Do not change blood pressure tablets without medical advice.

Seek urgent care for severe breathlessness, chest pain, confusion, fainting, very little urine, or rapidly increasing swelling. Arrange a timely appointment for blood in the urine, persistent frothy urine, new ankle swelling, repeated high readings, or a marked change in urination. These findings do not identify the cause by themselves but should be checked.

How will we monitor my kidney function? Should I have urine testing? Could any of my medicines affect my kidneys? What blood pressure target and follow-up schedule are suitable for me?