Bone densitometry screening explained

A DEXA scan measures bone mineral density, usually at the hip and spine. Screening is different from testing prompted by a suspected fracture or another active bone problem.

A clinician considers age, sex, menopause, previous low-impact fractures, family history, body build, falls, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity. Long-term steroid treatment and some hormonal, digestive, kidney, inflammatory, or endocrine conditions can also influence the decision.

Screening does not diagnose the cause of reduced density by itself. When a result is lower than expected, the clinician may assess nutrition, medicines, hormone status, and underlying illness before recommending a plan.

Discuss whether a scan would change your care. Bring details of fractures, falls, relevant family history, regular medicines, supplements, and previous bone density reports. Mention recent contrast imaging and any possibility of pregnancy when arranging the appointment.

After screening, review both the measurement and your broader fracture risk. The response may involve exercise, nutrition, fall-risk reduction, investigation of contributing conditions, monitoring, or medication rather than relying on the scan result alone.

Screening is intended for people without an urgent bone injury. Seek assessment sooner if a minor fall causes persistent focal pain, you suddenly cannot bear weight, a limb looks deformed, or new severe back pain follows lifting or a fall. Emergency care is warranted when spinal pain occurs with leg weakness, numbness around the groin, or loss of bladder or bowel control.

Ask which personal factors support screening now, whether earlier scans remain comparable, how the result could change management, and whether blood tests or a falls assessment are also appropriate. Clarify how and when the result will be communicated.