Body aches and stiffness: what to know

Stiffness after sitting or sleeping can occur when muscles and joints have not moved for a while. Flu-like infections such as Influenza, COVID-19, dengue fever, malaria or brucellosis can produce aching and reduced energy. Fibromyalgia may cause widespread pain with stiffness and unrefreshing sleep. Hypothyroidism can be associated with muscle aches, sluggishness, dry skin and feeling unusually cold. Swelling, warmth or stiffness concentrated in particular joints changes the assessment.

Change position regularly and try slow stretching or a brief walk, stopping if pain becomes sharper or a joint swells. Warmth may ease stiffness; cold can be more comfortable after a recent strain. Prioritise sleep, fluids and manageable activity rather than pushing through exhaustion. Write down the duration of morning stiffness, joints that swell, recent illness, new exercise and medicines before an appointment.

Seek urgent help for a hot, very swollen joint with fever, sudden weakness, inability to move a limb, confusion, severe headache with neck stiffness, or breathing difficulty. Arrange prompt care for persistent fever, a new rash, worsening weakness or stiffness after travel where malaria is present. Make a routine appointment when stiffness lasts, repeatedly returns, limits dressing or walking, or is accompanied by unexplained weight or energy changes.

Ask whether the pattern is more muscular or joint-related, what examination is needed, and whether tests could clarify thyroid or infectious causes. Describe your morning routine, swelling, sleep quality, activity and recent travel.