Blood test for gonorrhoea: when it is used

Gonorrhoea can affect the genitals, throat, rectum or eyes, so the most useful sample depends on sexual contact and symptoms. A urine sample or swab can be examined for the infection at that site. Blood may be taken when a clinician is checking for another infection, complications or additional sexually transmitted infections. A negative result from one site does not assess a different site that was not sampled. Some people have no symptoms, while others notice discharge, burning when urinating, pelvic or testicular pain, sore throat or rectal discomfort.

Tell the clinician about the type and timing of sexual contact, symptoms, recent partners and any antibiotics taken. This helps them choose genital, throat or rectal testing. Avoid sexual contact until you have received advice about testing and treatment. If gonorrhoea is confirmed, follow the prescribed treatment and partner-notification advice, and attend any recommended repeat test. Do not share leftover antibiotics or rely on a blood test alone when a local sample is needed.

Seek prompt medical care for pelvic or lower abdominal pain, swollen or painful testicles, fever, joint pain, a spreading rash, eye pain or reduced vision. Pregnancy with possible exposure also warrants prompt advice. Severe pain, visual changes or feeling acutely unwell should be treated as urgent concerns, whether or not a test result is available.

Ask which body sites need sampling, whether you should also test for other sexually transmitted infections, when results are expected, and when it is safe to resume sex. Ask how partners will be contacted and whether follow-up testing is needed.