Blocked nose and sneezing: what to know

Allergic rhinitis often presents with repeated sneezing, clear discharge, itching and watery eyes after exposure to pollen, dust or animals. House dust mite allergy can cause symptoms indoors, sometimes more strongly during sleep or cleaning. A common cold may bring congestion, sore throat, cough or feeling unwell. Sinusitis can add facial pressure, reduced smell and thicker nasal discharge; chronic sinusitis tends to persist or recur. If snoring, restless sleep or pauses in breathing accompany the blocked nose, obstructive sleep apnoea deserves discussion with a clinician. The pattern, triggers and duration help separate these possibilities.

Use saline spray or a gentle saline rinse, following product directions and using safe water for rinsing. Keep away from smoke and strong fragrances. If dust seems to trigger symptoms, reduce dust exposure and wash bedding regularly. A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether allergy medication is suitable, especially if you have other conditions, take medicines, or are pregnant. Decongestant nasal sprays should not be used longer than the label advises because congestion can rebound.

Seek urgent care for swelling of the lips, tongue or throat, difficulty breathing, faintness or a rapidly spreading rash. Arrange a clinical review if symptoms are severe, keep returning, disturb sleep, affect smell for a prolonged period, or come with marked facial pain, high fever or one-sided discharge. Children with breathing difficulty, unusual drowsiness or poor fluid intake should be assessed promptly.

Do my symptoms fit allergy, infection or sinus disease? Which triggers should I track? Is a nasal spray or allergy medication appropriate for me? How should I use a saline rinse safely, and when should persistent congestion be investigated?