Blocked nose and shortness of breath: what to know

A cold or inflamed nasal lining can force mouth breathing and create an uncomfortable sense of air hunger. Asthma may cause breathlessness, wheezing, cough or chest tightness, while acute bronchitis can add cough and mucus. Anaemia can contribute to breathlessness through reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Anaphylaxis can involve sudden breathing difficulty with swelling, hives, dizziness or vomiting. Heart-related symptoms such as pressure, faintness or breathlessness with exertion need assessment; angina and atrial fibrillation are examples of conditions clinicians may consider. Persistent symptoms may also occur with COPD or bronchiectasis, particularly when cough and sputum are present.

Stop exertion and sit upright. Move away from smoke, strong scents or a suspected allergen. Sip fluids and use a saline nasal spray or rinse if it is suitable for you. If you have a prescribed reliever inhaler, use it according to your personal action plan. Do not borrow another person’s inhaler. Arrange medical advice when breathlessness is new, recurring, worsening, or not explained by a blocked nose.

Call emergency services immediately if you are struggling to speak, breathing rapidly, becoming confused, fainting, or developing blue or grey lips. Sudden breathlessness with facial, tongue or throat swelling, widespread hives, or vomiting may be anaphylaxis. Chest pressure, severe pain, cold sweating or collapse also needs emergency help. Seek same-day clinical advice for new breathlessness, wheezing, fever with worsening symptoms, or breathlessness that is limiting normal activity.

Could the breathing difficulty be coming from my nose, lungs, heart or an allergic reaction? What signs should prompt emergency care? Do I need an examination, oxygen check, breathing test or other assessment? Which nasal or inhaled treatments are appropriate with my medical history?