What does a Bartholin cyst look like?

It may be small and unnoticed or large enough to cause pressure while walking, sitting, or having sex. The overlying skin can look normal. If infection develops, the swelling may become red, hot, very tender, or drain pus.

The Bartholin glands sit near the lower part of the vaginal entrance. A blocked gland duct can hold fluid and create a rounded swelling beneath the skin. Because the glands are paired, a cyst commonly affects just one side rather than forming centrally.

Appearance alone cannot confirm the diagnosis. An ingrown hair, skin cyst, boil, or another vulval lump can look similar. A clinician can examine the exact location, surface, tenderness, and any discharge to distinguish these possibilities.

Do not squeeze, pierce, or cut the swelling, because this can injure tissue and introduce infection. A warm bath or warm compress may ease discomfort and encourage natural drainage. Keep the area gently clean and dry, and use loose clothing if rubbing is uncomfortable.

Arrange an examination for a new lump that persists, enlarges, recurs, or is difficult to identify. Treatment depends on its size, symptoms, and whether infection is present; a troublesome or recurring cyst may need drainage or a procedure that leaves a small drainage opening.

Seek prompt medical assessment if pain becomes severe, swelling grows quickly, pus appears, the skin feels hot, or you develop fever, chills, or feel generally unwell. These features can accompany an abscess and may require drainage and treatment for infection.

A new vulval lump after menopause also warrants a timely examination, even when it causes no pain, because other causes should be excluded. Urgency comes from the warning features and your general condition, not from the lump's appearance alone.

You might ask whether the lump is in the typical Bartholin gland location, whether there are signs of an abscess, and whether observation or drainage is appropriate. If it has returned, ask what could reduce repeated blockage and whether marsupialisation should be considered.