What does a Bartholin cyst look and feel like?

A small cyst may be felt rather than seen and may cause no symptoms. As it enlarges, it can create fullness, pressure or discomfort during sitting, walking or sex. If infection produces an abscess, the area can become very tender, warm, red and swollen.

Bartholin glands lie beneath the skin on each side of the vaginal entrance. Their small ducts release moisture. When one duct becomes blocked, fluid builds behind it and creates a cyst. The swelling is therefore usually localised to one side rather than centred inside the vagina.

A description cannot confirm that a lump comes from a Bartholin gland. Ingrown hairs, skin cysts and other vulval conditions can look similar. Position, depth, consistency, surface changes and tenderness all contribute to a clinical diagnosis.

Avoid repeatedly pressing the swelling to check it, as friction can increase soreness. Warm-water soaks may ease minor discomfort, and loose, breathable clothing can reduce rubbing. Do not insert a needle, cut the skin or apply harsh products to make it drain.

Arrange an appointment if the lump is new, persists, becomes larger, returns or disrupts normal activities. An examination can identify whether observation is reasonable or drainage is needed. Recurrent cysts may be treated with a catheter or marsupialisation to create an ongoing route for fluid.

Prompt care is needed when the swelling expands quickly or becomes severely painful, or when pus, spreading redness, fever, chills or a general feeling of illness occurs. Those features can accompany an abscess and should not be managed by squeezing the area.

Seek a timely examination if the lump is hard, fixed, irregular, ulcerated or bleeding. Any new swelling in the Bartholin area after menopause should also be checked, even if it resembles a cyst and does not hurt.

Ask whether the location and feel are typical of a Bartholin cyst, whether there is an abscess, and whether another diagnosis is being considered. Helpful treatment questions include whether drainage is required, how the site should be cared for afterward and which physical changes need reassessment.