Anaphylaxis in adults: signs and immediate action

Use the person's prescribed adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector without waiting for every possible sign to appear, then call local emergency services.

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can affect breathing, circulation, the skin, or the digestive system. An adult may develop throat or tongue swelling, a hoarse voice, wheezing, difficult or noisy breathing, faintness, confusion, collapse, widespread hives, flushing, vomiting, or severe abdominal discomfort. Skin changes may be absent, so clear skin does not rule it out.

Possible triggers include foods, medicines, and insect stings. The reaction can worsen quickly after exposure, and the person may not be able to explain what is happening.

Give the prescribed adrenaline auto-injector into the outer thigh according to its instructions; it can usually be delivered through clothing. Call local emergency services and say that anaphylaxis is suspected. Follow the person's written allergy plan and the emergency dispatcher's directions, including guidance about another prescribed injector if symptoms persist.

Keep the person lying flat with legs raised if they can breathe comfortably. If breathing is difficult, allow a supported sitting position with legs outstretched. A pregnant person should lie on their left side. Do not let the person stand or walk. If they become unresponsive and are not breathing normally, begin CPR if you are able.

Treat throat tightness, tongue swelling, breathing difficulty, wheezing, sudden faintness, confusion, or collapse after a possible allergen exposure as an emergency. Do not wait to see whether the reaction settles and do not drive the affected person if an ambulance is available.

Hospital assessment is still needed after the person improves because symptoms can return and further monitoring or treatment may be required. Bring used injectors and, when known, details of the suspected trigger.

Ask what probably triggered the reaction, whether allergy testing is appropriate, how many prescribed auto-injectors to carry, and where to store them in the UAE climate. Request a demonstration with a trainer device and a written action plan that family members or colleagues can follow.

Discuss medicine names, food labels, workplace exposures, and any previous reactions so the prevention plan reflects daily life. Check injector expiry dates regularly and ask how to replace a device after use.