Symptoms of acute nasopharyngitis (common cold)

Some people also feel tired, headachy or mildly feverish. Symptoms can overlap with other respiratory infections, so the pattern and any warning signs matter more than a single symptom.

Early throat irritation and sneezing may give way to heavier nasal blockage and cough. Postnasal mucus can provoke coughing, especially when lying down, while pressure from congestion may make the ears feel plugged.

Thicker yellow or green mucus can occur as immune cells and proteins collect in the secretions; this change alone does not establish a bacterial cause. Earache, marked facial pain, wheezing or a barking cough can point to a complication or another illness that merits assessment.

Saline spray or drops can moisten the nose and help clear mucus. Warm fluids, adequate drinking and honey for people older than infancy may calm throat irritation or cough. Rest can be guided by energy levels rather than strict bed rest.

Ask a pharmacist about suitable pain relief and whether a decongestant is appropriate. Read labels on multi-symptom remedies because several products may contain the same painkiller. Avoid giving adult cold medicines to children unless a qualified professional confirms the product and dose are suitable.

Call emergency services for struggling or very fast breathing, blue or grey lips, severe chest pain, new confusion, collapse, or inability to wake normally. In a child, noisy breathing at rest, chest pulling inward with breaths, drooling with difficulty swallowing, or unusual limpness needs urgent help.

Book a review for worsening symptoms, a fever that persists or returns, dehydration signs such as very little urine, severe ear or facial pain, coughing up blood, or cough accompanied by breathlessness. Earlier advice is sensible for infants and for people with significant heart, lung or immune conditions.

Describe which symptom appeared first, whether you improved and then worsened, and how breathing, drinking, urination and sleep are affected. Ask whether examination or testing is needed, which symptom remedies are safe with your medicines, and when persistent cough or congestion should be reassessed.