Placenta accreta with placenta previa

Placenta previa describes a placenta covering or lying close to the cervical opening. Placenta accreta spectrum describes placental tissue attached too deeply into the womb wall, which can make separation after birth difficult.

The conditions describe different features of the placenta, although they may be found in the same pregnancy. Previous Caesarean birth or other womb surgery can influence the clinical assessment, especially when a low placenta overlies a scar.

Ultrasound is used to examine placental location and features suggesting deeper attachment. Magnetic resonance imaging may add detail in selected cases. Imaging raises or lowers suspicion, while the definitive extent may only become clear during surgery or examination after birth.

Keep all specialist maternity appointments and carry the unit's contact details. Follow personalised advice about travel, intercourse, exercise and proximity to hospital because recommendations depend on placental position, bleeding history and other pregnancy factors.

Care is commonly coordinated by obstetric, anaesthetic, neonatal, surgical and blood-bank teams. A planned Caesarean birth may be recommended. If the placenta cannot separate safely, surgery to remove the womb may be discussed before birth; ask about fertility implications, blood management and alternatives relevant to your case.

Report any vaginal bleeding immediately to your maternity unit, even if it stops or there is no pain. Call emergency services for heavy bleeding, faintness, weakness, breathing difficulty, severe abdominal pain or cold clammy skin. Reduced fetal movement, leaking fluid or regular contractions also need urgent maternity advice.

Ask what the scans show, where birth should take place, which specialists will attend and what may happen if bleeding starts beforehand. Discuss the possible surgical approaches, anaesthesia, blood transfusion planning, recovery, newborn care and how decisions could affect future pregnancy.