Why can vulvar cancer cause a new lump or swelling?

A vulvar tumour may grow within the skin or underlying tissue, producing a bump, thickened patch, or area that feels different. It may be painless or tender and can be associated with itching, bleeding, skin colour change, or a sore. Nearby inflammation or enlarged groin lymph nodes can also create swelling.

Many non-cancer conditions can cause a vulvar lump, including an ingrown hair, blocked gland, cyst, infection, or benign skin change. A clinician may examine the vulva and groin and recommend a biopsy when the skin or lump needs a closer diagnosis.

Arrange a prompt appointment for a new, growing, firm, bleeding, ulcerated, or persistent lump. Avoid squeezing it or applying unprescribed creams that could alter the skin. Note when it began, whether it changes with the menstrual cycle, and any discharge, pain, itching, or urinary symptoms. These details can help guide the examination.

Seek urgent help for rapidly increasing swelling, severe pain, fever, spreading redness, inability to pass urine, or heavy bleeding. These features can indicate infection, obstruction, or another problem needing immediate treatment. A stable lump still deserves timely assessment if it does not settle.

Ask what the lump looks and feels like, whether a biopsy or scan is needed, which symptoms should prompt faster review, and how to care for the skin while waiting.