Why does ovarian cancer cause abdominal swelling?

Ovarian cancer can affect the lining of the abdomen and may lead to a build-up of fluid called ascites. A tumour or fluid can press on the stomach and bowel, creating fullness, tightness, bloating, or a visibly enlarged abdomen. Clothes may feel tighter, and the change may persist rather than settle like occasional gas. Abdominal swelling also has many non-cancer causes, including digestive, hormonal, liver, heart, and other pelvic conditions. The pattern, associated symptoms, and examination help guide the next step.

Arrange a medical appointment if swelling is new, persistent, increasing, or accompanied by pelvic discomfort, changes in bowel or bladder habits, reduced appetite, or feeling full quickly. Record when it began, whether it changes during the day, and any weight or symptom changes without trying to diagnose the cause. A clinician may examine the abdomen and pelvis and arrange tests such as imaging or blood work when appropriate. Seek advice about hydration and food choices if pressure makes eating uncomfortable.

Get urgent help for severe or rapidly worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, a rigid abdomen, fainting, fever with marked illness, or inability to pass stool or gas. Breathing difficulty caused by increasing abdominal pressure also needs prompt assessment. These symptoms can signal a complication that requires immediate care, regardless of the underlying cause.

Could fluid or another condition explain this swelling? Do I need abdominal or pelvic imaging? What changes should I record at home? How can pressure, appetite changes, or discomfort be managed while the cause is being assessed?