Why does intraductal papilloma cause nipple discharge?

An intraductal papilloma is a usually non-cancerous growth that develops in a milk duct, often close to the nipple. Its delicate surface may rub against the duct lining, and small blood vessels can make the discharge clear, yellowish, or blood-stained. Discharge may come from one breast and one duct, and it can happen without squeezing the nipple. Other breast conditions can also cause discharge, so the symptom needs proper assessment rather than self-diagnosis.

Arrange a clinical breast assessment, especially when discharge is spontaneous, comes from one side, or contains blood. A clinician may examine the breast and arrange imaging suited to your age and symptoms. If a papilloma is found, a sample may be recommended to confirm its nature. Avoid repeatedly checking or squeezing the nipple, because stimulation can maintain discharge and irritate the duct.

Seek prompt medical advice for new spontaneous discharge, a breast lump, nipple inversion, skin changes, or discharge that is bloody or persists. Seek urgent help if the breast becomes hot, red, very swollen, or you feel acutely unwell, as infection may need quick treatment.

Ask which duct seems involved, whether imaging or a tissue sample is needed, and what the discharge colour and pattern may indicate. You can also ask whether removal is advisable and how the result will be monitored.