Which specialist treats vaginal cancer?

A gynaecological oncologist examines the vagina and nearby pelvic structures, reviews biopsy and imaging results, and discusses whether surgery is suitable. A radiation oncologist plans external radiotherapy or brachytherapy when radiation is recommended. Other team members may include a pathologist, radiologist, specialist nurse and professionals who support bladder, bowel, sexual or emotional wellbeing.

Vaginal cancer is distinct from cancer in nearby pelvic organs, so the biopsy location matters. Human papillomavirus can be relevant in some cases; see [HPV Infection](/conditions/hpv-infection/) for background.

Request referral to a gynaecological oncology service and bring prior pelvic examination notes, pathology, scans and a list of medicines. Record bleeding, discharge, pain or changes during sex. Bleeding after sex and bleeding after menopause have several possible causes, but both should be assessed when they are unexplained or recurrent.

Your specialist may discuss [Brachytherapy](/treatments/radiation-oncology/brachytherapy/) or [Radiotherapy](/treatments/radiation-oncology/radiotherapy/). Ask how each option could affect vaginal comfort, sexual health, bladder and bowel function.

Arrange prompt assessment for unexplained bleeding after sex, bleeding after menopause, persistent watery or blood-stained discharge, pelvic pain or a new vaginal swelling. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, faintness, severe pelvic pain or inability to pass urine. These symptoms do not confirm cancer, but urgent changes should not wait.

Ask where the abnormal cells are located, whether a biopsy is needed, which specialist coordinates the team, and what treatment aims to achieve. Ask about fertility, sexual health, comfort, bladder and bowel effects, and who to contact if symptoms change during treatment.