When to worry about vulval pain with a Bartholin cyst

A Bartholin gland sits near the lower vaginal opening. If its drainage channel becomes blocked, fluid can collect and create a cyst. Pain often increases when the cyst becomes inflamed or forms an abscess, and sitting, walking or sexual activity may then feel uncomfortable. Other causes of vulval pain exist, so a painful swelling should be examined if it is new, persistent or not settling.

Until you are assessed, keep the area clean, wear loose breathable underwear, and avoid squeezing or trying to drain the swelling yourself. Warm water soaks may be soothing for some people. A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether a suitable pain reliever is safe for you, especially if you are pregnant, have allergies, or take other medicines. Avoid sex if it increases pain.

Contact a clinician promptly if pain is intensifying, the swelling is rapidly enlarging, the skin is hot or red, or pus is draining. Fever, chills, feeling unwell, difficulty walking, or difficulty passing urine may indicate an abscess or spreading infection. Seek urgent help for severe pain, faintness, or rapidly worsening swelling. A new Bartholin-area lump later in adulthood should also be examined rather than assumed to be a simple cyst.

Ask whether the swelling is a cyst or abscess, whether it needs drainage, how to manage pain safely, how to prevent recurrence, and what symptoms should trigger an earlier review. Mention fever, discharge, pregnancy, allergies and any medicines you take.