When to worry about a vulval lump with a Bartholin cyst

The Bartholin glands sit near the vaginal opening and release fluid for lubrication. If a duct becomes blocked, fluid can collect and form a lump, often on one side of the lower vulva. A cyst may be small and mildly uncomfortable; an infected cyst or abscess can become swollen, hot, red, and very painful. A new vulval lump can have other causes, so an examination is the safest way to identify it.

Arrange a medical appointment for a new lump, a lump that keeps returning, or discomfort that interferes with sitting, walking, or sex. A warm sitz bath may soothe mild discomfort. Keep the area clean and dry, wear loose clothing, and avoid squeezing, piercing, or trying to drain the lump yourself. Use only pain relief that is suitable for you, particularly if pregnant or breastfeeding.

Seek prompt care if pain is severe, swelling is rapidly increasing, the skin is hot or red, pus is draining, or you have fever or feel unwell. Get urgent help if you cannot pass urine, cannot walk because of pain, or develop faintness or confusion. A lump that persists, returns, bleeds, or changes should be examined rather than monitored indefinitely.

Ask whether the lump appears to be a cyst or abscess, whether drainage or another treatment is needed, how to care for the area afterwards, and what recurrence signs to watch for. Mention your age, pregnancy status, prior lumps, fever, discharge, and any medicines or allergies.