When to worry about trouble getting pregnant with male factor infertility

Male factor infertility can relate to sperm count, movement, shape, delivery, hormone signals, or the testes themselves. A single semen analysis may not explain the whole picture, and results can vary. Difficulty conceiving can also involve factors affecting the partner who may become pregnant, so assessment of both partners helps avoid delays.

Arrange an appointment with a fertility specialist or qualified clinician. Bring previous semen results and a list of medicines, supplements, illnesses, heat exposure, smoking or vaping, alcohol use, and prior surgery. The clinician may repeat semen testing, review sexual timing and ejaculation, examine the testes, and consider hormone tests or imaging. Do not stop prescribed treatment without advice.

Seek care promptly if there is testicular pain, a new lump, marked swelling, blood in semen, absent ejaculation, erectile difficulty, very low sexual desire, or a history of testicular injury, surgery, chemotherapy, or undescended testes. These concerns can need assessment even before you have tried for long.

Ask what the semen results show, whether repeat testing is needed, which reversible factors may affect sperm, whether medicines or supplements could contribute, and when referral to a fertility specialist is appropriate. Ask how both partners will be assessed and what options fit your goals.