When to worry about a testicular lump with germ cell tumour

A lump can be within the testicle or in nearby structures such as the epididymis. Its position, firmness, tenderness, and change over time help clinicians decide what examination or imaging is needed. Infection, fluid, injury, and other non-cancerous causes can also produce scrotal swelling, so do not try to identify the cause by touch alone. Tell your team about heaviness, aching, or a change in testicle size.

Arrange prompt review for a lump that remains, grows, feels firm, or is associated with discomfort. Avoid squeezing it or delaying contact while watching it for a long period. Wear supportive underwear if movement is uncomfortable, and write down when the change began, whether it followed an injury, and any urinary or abdominal symptoms. Continue prescribed care unless your clinician gives different instructions.

Go to urgent care for sudden severe testicular pain, rapid swelling, nausea or vomiting with pain, a high-riding testicle, or pain after significant injury. These features can indicate a time-sensitive problem that needs immediate examination. New back or abdominal pain, breathing difficulty, faintness, or marked weakness should also be reported urgently during cancer care.

Ask where the lump appears to be located, whether an ultrasound or other assessment is needed, how treatment may affect the testicle, and which symptoms should trigger urgent help. Ask how to protect fertility if treatment is planned and who to call when the clinic is closed.