When to worry about a seizure with epilepsy

People with epilepsy may have a recognised seizure pattern, but a new type of movement, unusual confusion afterwards, a new trigger, or a clear change in frequency should be discussed with a clinician. Missed medicine, poor sleep, illness, alcohol, and flashing lights can trigger seizures for some people.

A seizure can also cause falls, burns, head injury, or breathing problems. A written account from a witness, including what happened before and how long recovery took, can help the medical team.

Move hazards away, cushion the head, loosen tight clothing, and turn the person onto their side when possible. Time the seizure and remain with them. Afterward, speak calmly and allow recovery in a safe place.

Never restrain the person or put anything in their mouth. Do not give food, drink, or medicine until they are fully awake. Follow the person’s individual emergency plan if they have one, including prescribed rescue medicine and its instructions.

Call emergency services if the seizure lasts longer than the person’s emergency plan allows, if seizures repeat without full recovery, or if the person has trouble breathing or waking. Also call after a serious injury, a seizure in water, pregnancy, or a first seizure.

Seek prompt medical advice for a new seizure pattern, missed doses followed by symptoms, troublesome medicine effects, or seizures becoming more frequent. Do not drive until a clinician has advised that it is safe.

What changes in my seizure pattern should I report? When should my rescue medicine be used? Could sleep, illness, alcohol, or missed doses be contributing, and what should my family record during an event?