When to worry about persistent itching with vulvar cancer

Vulvar cancer may change the skin or tissue around the vulva, causing itching, tenderness, a thickened patch, a lump, or an ulcer. Symptoms can be subtle, and the affected area may look different from the surrounding skin. Irritation, infection, eczema, hormonal changes, and other non-cancerous conditions can also cause itching, so an examination is needed to understand a persistent change.

Arrange an appointment with a GP, gynaecologist, or oncology team when itching continues or returns repeatedly. Note its location, duration, triggers, discharge, bleeding, pain, and any change in the skin. Wash gently with water or an advised cleanser, avoid perfumed products and tight clothing, and do not apply medicated creams unless a clinician recommends them.

Seek prompt assessment for bleeding unrelated to a period, a sore that does not heal, a new lump, increasing pain, a persistent colour or texture change, or difficulty passing urine. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever with feeling very unwell, or inability to urinate. These signs need direct assessment rather than watchful waiting.

Ask what could be causing the itching, whether the skin needs examination under good lighting, and whether a biopsy or other test is appropriate. Tell the clinician about previous vulvar conditions, new products, medicines, discharge, bleeding, and treatments already tried. Ask which changes should prompt an earlier review.