When is tumour removal surgery recommended for spinal cord compression?

This is an urgent problem because pressure on the spinal cord can affect movement, sensation and bladder or bowel control. Specialists use an examination and imaging, often including magnetic resonance imaging, to identify the level of compression and the condition of the spine. Surgery may remove or reduce the mass, create space around the cord, or strengthen an unstable area. Steroids, radiotherapy or other cancer treatment may also be considered, either alongside surgery or when an operation is not suitable.

If a clinician has raised concern about compression, follow the urgent referral instructions and do not delay assessment. Tell the team when weakness, numbness, pain or changes in bladder or bowel control began, and whether symptoms are worsening. Bring a list of medicines and previous scan or cancer details if available. The team will explain the likely operation, stabilisation hardware if needed, recovery goals and other treatment choices.

Seek emergency care for new or worsening leg or arm weakness, difficulty walking, loss of balance, numbness spreading around the body, inability to pass urine, new loss of bladder or bowel control, or severe back or neck pain with neurological symptoms. These symptoms need rapid assessment because nerve function may be at risk.

Where is the compression and what is causing it? Is the spine unstable? What is the goal of surgery in my case? Would radiotherapy or another treatment be used as well? What changes should I report immediately while waiting for treatment?