When is tumour removal surgery recommended for nasal and sinus cancer?

Nasal and sinus cancers can arise in spaces close to the eye sockets, skull base, nerves and teeth. Scans help map the tumour and show whether an endoscopic operation, an external approach or a combined procedure is suitable. The surgeon considers the tumour type, its exact location and whether it reaches structures that make complete removal unsafe or unusually complex.

Treatment may include removal of involved tissue and, in selected cases, reconstruction. Radiotherapy or drug treatment can be placed before or after surgery, or chosen as the main approach when surgery would not provide a safe or useful result. An ear, nose and throat surgeon may work with other specialists.

Take your scan and biopsy information to the specialist appointment. Ask whether the approach would be through the nose, through the face, or both, and what changes to breathing, smell, vision or appearance are possible. Mention previous sinus operations, dental issues, blood-thinning medicines and any eye or neurological symptoms. You may also be referred for reconstruction or rehabilitation planning.

Arrange assessment for one-sided nasal blockage or bleeding that persists, facial swelling, reduced smell, numbness, persistent sinus symptoms or vision changes. After treatment, urgent review is needed for heavy bleeding, fever, worsening swelling, new vision loss, severe headache, confusion or clear fluid from the nose. Seek emergency help for breathing difficulty.

Which structures are close to the tumour? Is an endoscopic approach suitable? Could surgery affect vision, smell, breathing or facial appearance? Will reconstruction or radiotherapy be part of the plan?