When is semen analysis recommended for male factor infertility?

A semen analysis examines a semen sample for features such as sperm count, movement and shape. It can also provide information about semen volume and whether sperm are present. A single result does not explain every fertility question, because values can vary between samples and conception involves both partners. Results may point towards further assessment of the testes, hormones, reproductive tract or ejaculation. The test is useful even when there are no obvious symptoms.

Follow the laboratory's instructions before collecting the sample, including its guidance about the period of abstinence and collection method. Use the provided container, collect the whole sample if possible, and deliver it within the stated time and temperature limits. Tell the clinician about recent fever, illness, medicines, supplements, surgery or reproductive treatments, since these details can affect interpretation. If the result is abnormal, repeat testing or additional evaluation may be suggested.

Arrange an infertility assessment when pregnancy has not occurred despite regular unprotected sex, or sooner if there is a history of testicular injury, undescended testis, pelvic or groin surgery, chemotherapy, erection or ejaculation difficulty, or a known reproductive condition. Seek prompt care for sudden severe testicular pain or swelling, which needs urgent evaluation and is not a reason to wait for routine testing.

What do my results show about sperm production and movement? Should the sample be repeated? Do I need hormone tests, an examination or referral to a fertility specialist, and should my partner have assessment at the same time?