When Is Osteotomy Recommended for Knee Osteoarthritis?

Knee osteoarthritis can be concentrated in the inner or outer compartment. A bowed leg may overload the inner side, while a knock-knee alignment may overload the outer side. Osteotomy changes the angle of the thigh bone or shin bone so forces are shared more favorably across the knee.

This joint-preserving option is considered after symptoms, examination and weight-bearing imaging are reviewed together. Age, activity needs, knee stability, range of movement, cartilage elsewhere in the joint and the degree of arthritis all matter. Widespread wear, marked stiffness or inflammatory joint disease may make another treatment more suitable.

Discuss persistent activity-related pain, swelling, alignment change or reduced walking tolerance with an orthopaedic clinician. Non-surgical care may include strengthening, weight management where relevant, activity adjustment, a brace or medicines recommended for your circumstances.

If surgery is proposed, ask which bone will be corrected, what target alignment is planned and how long crutches or restricted weight-bearing may be needed. Rehabilitation works on knee motion, thigh strength, balance and a gradual return to chosen activities.

Seek urgent assessment for a suddenly locked knee, inability to bear weight after an injury, a hot swollen joint with fever, or severe calf swelling and breathlessness after surgery. These symptoms can require immediate evaluation.

Which compartment is worn, and how does my alignment affect it? Is my knee stable with useful movement? Would osteotomy or another option better fit my symptoms, activity goals and imaging?